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Research Article
Food Security Among Urban Households: Status, Determinant Factors and Coping Strategies Evidence from Chiro Town, West Hararghe Zone, and Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tadese Yayeh Adamu*
,
Yabsira Abebe Tsehay
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
77-93
Received:
11 June 2025
Accepted:
15 July 2025
Published:
4 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20250503.11
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Abstract: This study examined the food security status, determinant factors, and coping strategies among urban households in Chiro Town, West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It addressed a research gap by focusing on small and fast-growing towns, which are often overlooked in national studies. A total of 392 households were surveyed using a cross-sectional design and a mixed-methods approach. Food security status was measured using daily calorie intake, with 2,100 kilocalories per adult equivalent used as the cutoff point. The findings showed that 34.44% of the households were food insecure, with varying degrees of severity: 18.88% were marginally insecure, 7.65% were moderately insecure, and 7.91% were severely insecure. The results from binary logistic regression analysis identified key factors that influenced household food security. Households led by individuals with higher education levels, greater income, access to remittances, ownership of a house, and higher food spending were more likely to be food secure. On the other hand, female-headed households, those with larger family sizes, higher dependency ratios, and those relying on daily labor were more likely to face food insecurity. To cope with food shortages, many households used strategies such as reducing the number of meals, working as daily laborers, borrowing money, migrating for seasonal work, and selling livestock or household assets. Some households also relied on food aid, consumed less preferred foods, dropped children from school, or sent them to live with relatives. These coping strategies highlight the serious vulnerability of many urban households. The study concludes that food insecurity is still a major problem in Chiro Town. It recommends targeted support, especially for vulnerable groups, through education, job creation, remittance channels, and improved access to food and financial services. These findings can help guide policies in similar urban areas facing food insecurity challenges.
Abstract: This study examined the food security status, determinant factors, and coping strategies among urban households in Chiro Town, West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It addressed a research gap by focusing on small and fast-growing towns, which are often overlooked in national studies. A total of 392 households were surveyed using a cross-sec...
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Research Article
Identifying Local Context GBV Prevention Mechanisms in Specified Districts of Afar and Amhara Regions
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
94-106
Received:
2 July 2025
Accepted:
16 July 2025
Published:
5 August 2025
Abstract: This assessment investigates the local contexts of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) prevention mechanisms in six specific weredas of the Afar and Amhara regions of Ethiopia: Jele Timuga, Efratana Gidim, Artuma Fursi, Hadellela, Dawe, and Dalifage. Despite existing legislative frameworks, GBV remains prevalent due to deeply entrenched cultural norms, economic dependency, and lack of awareness. Through qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and key informant interviews, the research identifies various forms of GBV experienced by women and girls, such as physical violence, early marriage, rape, abduction, absuma marriage and economic exploitation. The findings emphasize the critical roles of women leaders, elders, and community stakeholders in combating GBV and promoting awareness. Furthermore, the study highlights the urgent need for awareness raising initiatives and targeted training programs to educate community members particularly targeting community and religious leaders about GBV and its consequences. Comprehensive strategies encompassing education, economic empowerment, and community engagement are essential for effectively reducing GBV. Recommendations for improving prevention mechanisms include enhancing collaboration among stakeholders, providing training for community leaders, and ensuring access to support services for survivors. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to address GBV in Ethiopia effectively.
Abstract: This assessment investigates the local contexts of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) prevention mechanisms in six specific weredas of the Afar and Amhara regions of Ethiopia: Jele Timuga, Efratana Gidim, Artuma Fursi, Hadellela, Dawe, and Dalifage. Despite existing legislative frameworks, GBV remains prevalent due to deeply entrenched cultural norms, eco...
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Research Article
Symptoms and Reasons of Delayed Sleep Phase in University Student and Its Effects on Their Academic Performance
Durr e Shahwar*
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
107-113
Received:
15 July 2025
Accepted:
28 July 2025
Published:
18 August 2025
Abstract: Human’s body have basic needs like food, health, sleep, to perform well, for that we need to keep balance between work and life. Sleep is one of important function of human body. Sleep-wake cycle has a great impact on an individual’s cognitive, occupational and social performance. Sleep cycle effects the job performance, academic performance and the daily routine tasks as well. Disturbance in sleep pattern lead clinically significant impairment in an individual. Disorders like circadian rhythmic sleep disorders are result of disruptive sleep pattern. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders include delayed sleep phase type, advance sleep phase disorder, irregular sleep-wake disorder and free running disorder (DSM-5). Through this study we are exploring what are the major symptoms that indicated the delayed sleep disorder in university students and the reasons (either personal or social) that trigger the symptoms of delayed sleep phase type in university students? What are the effects of the delayed sleep on their academic performance? Qualitative research design is used to understand the relationship between the research variables. Detailed interview has conducted from the 15 adults from different universities and colleges. It was concluded that delayed sleep impact individual’s mental as well as physical well-being. The delayed sleep pattern of university students has many reasons and it effect the student’s academic performance.
Abstract: Human’s body have basic needs like food, health, sleep, to perform well, for that we need to keep balance between work and life. Sleep is one of important function of human body. Sleep-wake cycle has a great impact on an individual’s cognitive, occupational and social performance. Sleep cycle effects the job performance, academic performance and th...
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Research Article
Contextualising Sustainable Communities in Sub-sahara Africa: A Systematic Review Protocol
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
114-143
Received:
23 April 2025
Accepted:
14 May 2025
Published:
25 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20250503.14
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Abstract: Sustainable communities play a critical role in urban development, as they possess the ability to effectively address challenges associated with rapid urbanisation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Attaining sustainable communities through social inclusiveness, economic vigour, and environmental stewardship is a multifaceted endeavour. Therefore, acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the contextual variables, constraints, and opportunities that exert influence on the advancement of sustainable communities in SSA is of paramount importance to facilitate well-informed policy formulation and strategic planning. Existing studies suggest that contextualization among other aspects, plays a critical role in ensuring that development interventions uphold and combine local values and practices. This approach fosters a feeling of ownership as well as cultural continuity in the community. However, there is a lack of studies that have put together the available information on the impact of contextualising sustainable communities in cities in SSA. This study aims to address these disparities by consolidating the comprehension of how sustainable communities can be included and adapted for urban planning and development in SSA cities. This will consist of a comprehensive analysis of the available urban policies, planning laws, and governance structures in cities in SSA. This protocol will keep to the guidelines defined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA 2020). A systematic review will be conducted to assess the obstacles and barriers encountered in the development and execution of urban policies, planning laws, and governance structures intended for creating sustainable communities in cities in SSA. This study will consider the time frame spanning from 1990 to 2024. A minimum of eight appropriate databases will be searched, including government documents, academic journals, and publications from international development agencies. Two and three concept search structures will be used and documented in Table 3. The Rayyan Reviewer software will be utilized for data management and analysis. Two reviewers will Independently, screen all literature retrieved, full-text articles and extract data. A thorough quality assessment of the included studies will be conducted. Studies included in the review will be analyzed appropriately based on the type of data obtained. This protocol with reference number CRD2024608143 is registered with the PROSPERO global prospective register of systematic reviews.
Abstract: Sustainable communities play a critical role in urban development, as they possess the ability to effectively address challenges associated with rapid urbanisation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Attaining sustainable communities through social inclusiveness, economic vigour, and environmental stewardship is a multifaceted endeavour. Therefore, acquir...
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